
Loans / imports
And borrowings
Languages come into contact in conquest, trade, culture, sport, entertainment, slavery. dockside bars, the pairing of individuals. And where there is contact between languages they change.
Words (and very slowly aspects of the grammar) seep from one language to the other. The words which cross the frontier between languages are called loans, imports, borrowings, as though they were the property of the originating language. Sometimes the loan/import/borrowing displaces an existing word, or reduces its coverage. In this process, the original morphology immediately gets lost. So words like accommodate and accommodation are not sensed in any way as having any connection with the original Latin root, mod, or the ways this was added to in Latin by the propositions cum and ad, or turned into a verb and then turned back into a noun. But there can be and is a very strong and enduring sense of foreign origin. So house and home, both with older Germanic and Nordic sources are semsed as being more familiar and ‘down to earth’. This sense persists after at least 500 years or more. From the time when the various source languages came together as ‘early modern English’ in the 14th century, the Latin, French and Greek from the court, the justice system and the emerging City of London, and the Old English from the time of King Alfred 500 years ealier, new words were artificially created, but almost always from Latin and Greek. Just one of these was the word, science. In the 19th century this applied to newly developed areas of study from economics to botany. And in the 20th and 21st centuries this applies particularly to physics, cosmology, mathematics and the names of newly invented drugs.
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